課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．One good turn deserves another,（標題）禮尚往來。

（1）名詞turn的含義之一是“（幫助或損害他人的）舉動”、“行為”：

Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn.

喬治昨天做了一件對我有利／不利的事。

He is always ready to do a turn for others.

他總是樂于為他人做好事。

（2）deserve的意義為“應受”、“應得（獎賞、懲罰等）”、“值得”，通常為及物動詞：

His words deserve attention.

他的話值得注重。

Mary deserves the prize.

瑪麗應得這個獎。

2．He gets a good salary…他的薪水很高……

good在這里的意思是“相當大／多的”、“相當可觀的”：

It takes me a good three hours to get there.

我花了整整3小時才到達那里。

3．…but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. ……但他卻總是向朋友借錢，并且從來不還。

（1）連詞and在這句話中可解釋為“并且”、“另外”(in addition)。

（2）pay在這里的意思是“償還（債務等）”。

pay還可以解釋為“付”、“支付（價款、賬單等）”，如課文的最后一句話：

…so now you can pay for my dinner!

……所以現在你可以替我付飯錢了！

pay 既是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞：

How much did you pay for that dress?

那件衣服你花了多少錢？

I paid the bill.

我付了賬。

語法 Grammar in use

1．在前10課的語法中，我們比較了一般過去時、一般現在時、現在完成時、現在進行時和過去進行時等時態以及和它們相關的時間狀語，另外還學習了被動語態。現在我們通過例句簡要回顧一下所學過的內容：

2．動詞+名詞／代詞+ 帶to 的不定式

某些動詞之后的帶to的不定式之前可以有一個名詞或代詞。有些動詞后的名詞／代詞可有可無，但有和沒有經常影響整個句子的意義：

I want to speak to John.

我想和約翰談話。(=I will speak.)

I want you to speak to John.

我希望你和約翰談談。(=You will speak.)

但是，還有一些動詞后面用不定式作賓語時，其后通常必須有一名詞或代詞。這類動詞有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。這類動詞不但可用于主動語態，也可用于被動語態：

Mr. Turner did not allow us to see the picture.

特納先生沒讓我們看那幅畫。

We were not allowed to see the picture.

人們不許我們看那幅畫。

He taught me to paint.

他教我繪畫。

Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.

簡幫著朱莉做飯。

詞匯學習 Word study

1．salary與wage

salary可譯為“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指職員、腦力勞動者（如律師、教師、醫生等）的收入，數額比較固定，一般按月支付：

My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.

我每月28號領工資。

wage可譯為“工資”、“工錢”，通常指技工或一般體力勞動者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用復數形式wages:

When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.

我當侍者時工資不高，但小費可觀。

Women often get low wages.

婦女的報酬通常很低。

2．borrow與lend

borrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，經常與from連用：

He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn't given me it yet.

他昨天借了我的鋼筆，到現在他還沒有還我。

Can I borrow ￡ 20 from you please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.

我能從您這里借20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。

lend的意思是“把……借給”、“借出”，經常與介詞to連用：

He refused to lend any money to Tom.

他不肯借給湯姆錢。

Can you lend me ￡ 20 please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.

您能借給我20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。

Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?

你今天下午能把車借我用一下嗎？

練習答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習答案

A a he is now working (1.2)

b he gets (1.3); he always borrows (1.3); never pays it back (1.4)

c came in…worked (11.2-2); Tony saw (1.4); came and sat (1.4); I asked him (1.6); he gave me (1.7); Tony said (1.8)

d He has never borrowed (1.5); I have never borrowed (1.7)

e I was having (1.1); he was eating (1.6)

C 1 gets…got

2 have not had

3 was writing…talked/ were talking

4 am typing

5 passed/ were passing

D The Taj Mahal was built…after he became/ had become ruler, his wife…died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in…The Taj Mahal, which was begun in 1632 and (was) completed in 1654, cost a fortune…it has been visited by…

2．難點練習答案

a

A 1 The officer ordered the men to fire at the enemy.

2 He wants his wife to wear this dress.

3 She wants us to explain it.

4 I cannot allow him to enter the room.

B (sample sentences)

1 He asked me to help him.

2 We preferred her to stay at home.

3 He taught me to speak English.

4 My mother wished me to collect the laundry.

5 Do you want her to visit you?

b

1 salary 2 lent…salary/ wages 3 borrowed 4 wages 5 wages

3．多項選擇題答案

1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c

7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11b 12 d