1. 比較分三種: 一原級；二比較級；三最高級；

　　2. 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成：

　　(1) 規(guī)則變化:

　　(A) 單音節(jié)和雙音節(jié)字在字尾加-er和-est。

　　原級 比較級 最高級

　　small smaller smallest

　　wise wiser wisest

　　dry drier driest

　　hot hotter hottest

　　后三組注意加-er和-est的變化。

　　(A) 三音節(jié)以上的字和部分兩音節(jié)以上的字, 在原級前面加more和most。

　　原級 比較級 最高級

　　useful more useful most useful

　　diligent more diligent most diligent

　　(2) 不規(guī)則變化:

　　good(好的)和well(健康的)的比較級都是better; 最高級都是best;

　　bad(壞的)和ill(生病的)的比較級都是worse; 最高級都是worst;

　　many(很多的)和much(作形容詞是大量的; 作副詞是非常地)比較級都是more; 最高級都是most;

　　little(作形容詞是小的; 作副詞是一點(diǎn)地)有兩個(gè)比較級是little, smaller less; 兩最高級是littlest, smallest least;

　　far(作副詞是遠(yuǎn)地)的兩個(gè)比較級是farther(更遠(yuǎn), 表距離), further(更進(jìn)步, 表程度); 兩個(gè)最高級是farthest, furthest;

　　old的兩個(gè)比較級是older(表年齡或新舊), elder(表長幼順序); 兩個(gè)最高級是oldest, eldest;

　　late的兩個(gè)比較級是later(表時(shí)間), latter(表順序); 兩個(gè)最高級是latest(最近的), last(最后的);

　　3. 比較的方式:

　　(1) 相等比較: ...as + 原級 + as... 和 ...as + 原級 + 名詞 + as...;

　　William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)

　　She has as much money as I (have).

　　(2) 劣等比較: ...less + 原級 + than...( = not so or as + 原級 + as...;)

　　She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.

　　(3) 優(yōu)等比較: ...比較級 + than... 和 ...the + 比較級 + of the two;

　　He is more careful than her.

　　Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.

　　4. 最高級的表達(dá)方式:

　　(1) 優(yōu)等比較: (最…)

　　...the + 最高級( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(復(fù)數(shù))

　　...the + 最高級( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + in + 場所(單數(shù))

　　A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.

　　A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.

　　(2) 劣等比較: (最不…)

　　...the + least + 原級( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(復(fù)數(shù))

　　...the + least + 原級( + 單數(shù)名詞或one) + in + 場合(單數(shù))

　　Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.

　　Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.

　　(3) 其他表示最高級的方式:

　　(A) 用原級表示最高級。

　　He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.

　　(B) "比較級 + than any other + 單數(shù)名詞"表示最高級。

　　This is more difficult than any other book here.

　　= This is the most difficult of all the books here.

　　(C) 否定的比較級表示最高級。

　　Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.

　　(D) 敘述用法的最高級形容詞。

　　Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.

　　1. 不用than的比較:

　　(1) than的省略:

　　Never before did he work harder (than now).

　　(2) 作限定用法的形容詞, 常接代名詞one.

　　I want a better job.

　　Bring me a smaller one.

　　(3) 作敘述用法的形容詞.

　　He is better now.

　　It is warmer this morning.

　　(4) 接if子句的比較級.

　　You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.

　　(5) 只作限定用法的形容詞比較級, 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.

　　The plan was an utter failure.

　　My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.

　　(6) 比較級 + and + 比較級"越來...越"

　　He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.

　　(7) 由拉丁文而來的比較級(接to不接than).

　　He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)

　　其它的例子如下:

　　senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);

　　(1) prefer + (動(dòng))名詞 + to + (動(dòng))名詞= prefer to + 原形… rather than + 原形

　　I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.

　　(2) The + 比較級…, the + 比較級… "越…, 越…"

　　The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.

　　The more he has, the more he wants.

　　第一個(gè)the是關(guān)系副詞, 引導(dǎo)副詞子句, 修飾第二個(gè)the(指示副詞).(紅色修飾黑色)

　　The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.

　　在句意明確時(shí), 常以省略句的形式出現(xiàn).

　　The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).