課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. 在離開法國南部的一個(gè)小村莊后，我繼續(xù)駛往下一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。

（1）表示一個(gè)大范圍中的某一個(gè)地方時(shí)要用介詞in:

Beijing is in the north of China.

北京位于中國的北部。

（2）副詞on緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面時(shí)可以表示“向前”、“繼續(xù)下去”等意義：

He talked on until everybody had gone.

他滔滔不絕地講到大家都走了。

I was reading when my friend called. After he had

gone, I went on to read.

我朋友來看我時(shí)我正在看書。他走了以后我便繼續(xù)看書。

2．I stopped and he asked me for a lift. 我把車停下，他向我提出要求搭車。

名詞lift的含義之一是“（給步行者）搭便車”、“免費(fèi)搭車”：

Last night, I had to walk home. No one would give me a lift.

昨晚我不得不走回家。誰也不愿意讓我搭車。

I was lucky today. I got a lift soon after I had left the village.

我今天運(yùn)氣好，離開村子不久就搭上了便車。

3．As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上車，我就用法語向他問早上好，他也同樣用法語回答我。

（1）表示時(shí)間的固定短語as soon as通常表示“一……就……”，即兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間相隔時(shí)間非常短：

Tell him the news as soon as you meet him.

你一遇見他就把這消息告訴他。

（2）表示用某種語言作為交際手段時(shí)介詞用in，表示講某種語言時(shí)可以不加介詞：

speak English/ French 講英語／法語

That book is written in German.

那本書是用德語寫的。

He replied the question in English.

他用英語回答了這個(gè)問題。

語法 Grammar in use

過去完成時(shí)(The simple past perfect tense)

過去完成時(shí)由 had+ 過去分詞構(gòu)成，它表示過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或情況，即“較早的過去”。在用

過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，常用的連詞有 when, after, as soon as, until, by that time等：

When I woke up in the morning, she had already had

her breakfast.

當(dāng)我早上醒來時(shí)，她已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。

After he had said goodbye to us all, Captain Alison started his journey.

當(dāng)艾利森船長和我們大家都道了別之后，他就啟程了。

Did you really ring the police?

你真的給警方打電話了？

It was a mistake. I realized it as soon as I had rung them.

我犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。剛給他們打完電話我就意識到了。

I didn't know that she was a famous actress until you had told me.

直到你告訴我時(shí)我才知道她是位名演員。

常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞如already, just, never, never…before也常與過去完成時(shí)連用，以強(qiáng)調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后次序：

The boys loved the zoo. They had never seen wild animals before.

男孩們喜歡動(dòng)物園，以前他們從沒見過野獸。

在有些用過去完成時(shí)的句子中沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語，但通過上下文可以看出動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后

詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study

1．a(chǎn)sk與ask for

ask最常用的意思是“問”、“詢問”：

I asked (Mary) a question.

我（向瑪麗）問了一個(gè)問題。

它也可以表達(dá)“請求”、“要求”或“邀請”等意思：

They asked Tony to sing a song.

他們請托尼唱支歌。

They asked her to spend the weekend with them.

他們邀請她一起度周末。

ask for表示“要”、“要求”：

You are always asking for help.

你總是要人幫忙。

I asked for a cup of coffee, but they gave me a cup of tea.

我要的是一杯咖啡，但他們卻給了我一杯茶。

2．except, except for與apart from

3者都表示“除……以外”，有時(shí)可以互相代替使用：

Everyone has helped in some way apart from/ except for/except you.

每個(gè)人都幫了點(diǎn)忙，只有你沒有。

I have no other books except/ except for these.

除了這些書以外我再?zèng)]有其他書了。

但是 except不用于句首，except for/ apart from則可以：

Apart from/ Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.

除了你，每個(gè)人都幫了點(diǎn)忙。

3．短語 which of, either of, neither of與 both of

這些短語都可用于指兩個(gè)人或兩件事。

（1）當(dāng)詢問在兩個(gè)或更多的人或事物中偏愛哪一個(gè)或選擇哪一個(gè)時(shí)，可用 which:

I like both of these bags. Which of the two do you prefer?

這兩個(gè)包我都喜歡。你喜歡哪一個(gè)？

（2）either與neither都是對兩個(gè)人或物而言（后接單數(shù)名詞）。either指 one or the other（不是這個(gè)就是那個(gè)），either和 neither 后跟of時(shí)則指兩個(gè)事物中的每一個(gè)：

(3）both只指兩個(gè)人或物。當(dāng)它用在名詞前時(shí)，of可有可無：

Both books/ Both of the books are interesting.

兩本書都很有趣。

當(dāng)both用在代詞前面時(shí)，其后必須加of:

Both of us/ them left early.

我們倆／他們倆都走得很早。

I love both of you.

我愛你們倆。

練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習(xí)答案

A 1 I drove on to the next town after I had left a small village.2 I said good morning to him in French as soon as he had got into the car.