課文詳注 Further notes on the text

1．I often fish for hours without catching anything. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時卻一無所獲。

without 通常表示“缺乏”、“沒有”：

I can't repair the car without your help.

沒有你的幫助我無法修理這車。

當它位于動名詞前時，它表示“不曾”、“不”：

They tried to leave the restaurant without paying.

他們企圖不付賬就離開餐館。

John left the room without telling anyone.

約翰離開房間時不曾告訴任何人。

2．Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. 他們往往魚釣不到，卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾。

instead有“作為替代”、“反而”等含義，一般以短語形式instead of出現(xiàn)：

Jack took part in the race instead of Tony.

杰克代替托尼參加了比賽。

Instead of sugar, he bought some salt.

他沒有買糖，而是買了些鹽。

副詞instead單獨使用時一般出現(xiàn)在句尾：

If you don't want a holiday in England, why don't you go to Australia instead?

假如你不想在英國度假，那你為什么不去澳大利亞呢？

3．I am even less lucky. 我的運氣甚至還不及他們。

less是little的比較級，意為“不及”、“不如”、“更少”：

Tom has got little chocolate, and Jack has got even less.

湯姆只有一點兒巧克力，杰克則更少。

I spend less time on English than on French.

我花在英語上的時間比花在法語上的少。

（cf. 第8課語法）

4．…I always go home with an empty bag. ……然后空著袋子回家。

with可以表示“有……的”、“持有……的”、“隨身帶著……”等：

Who's the man with the umbrella?

那個帶傘的男人是誰？

Who's the man with the beard?

那個留胡子的男人是誰？

Who's the woman with the little boy?

帶著那個小男孩的女人是誰？

5．I'm not really interested in fishing. 我并不是真的對釣魚有愛好。

表示“對……感愛好”一般用be interested in sth. /doing sth.:

Tim is only interested in food.

蒂姆只對食物感愛好。

I'm interested in collecting stamps.

我對集郵有愛好。

語法 Grammar in use

動名詞（The Gerund）（1）

動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式完全一樣，都是由動詞+-ing構(gòu)成。-ing 形式作名詞時稱為動名詞。從廣義上講，動名詞可以代替名詞，盡管它像動詞一樣可帶賓語。像名詞一樣，它可以作主語：

Dancing is fun. I love it.

跳舞有意思，我喜歡跳舞。

Walking quickly is difficult.

走快是很難的。（動名詞+副詞作主語）

Washing the car makes him dirty.

擦洗汽車把他身上弄臟了。（動名詞+賓語作主語）

動名詞也可以作賓語或介詞賓語：

Mary is keen on cooking.

瑪麗熱衷于烹調(diào)。（介詞賓語）

Congratulations on passing your exams!

祝賀你通過考試！

可以帶動名詞的介詞通常有 before，after，instead of，without 等。用介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以將兩個短句合為一句話，或者將一個從句變?yōu)閯用�詞結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞的否定式是在它前面直接加not：

Tom always knocks before entering a room.

湯姆在走進一個房間前總要敲門。

He apologized for not writing to you.

他為沒給你寫信而表示道歉。

動名詞也可以用表示完成時的 having +過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：

You can't leave the restaurant without having paid the bill.

在沒有付賬之前你不能離開飯店。

詞匯學習 Word study

1．catch vt.

（1）捉住，逮住，捕捉：

The police have caught the thief.

警察已逮住那個小偷。

Have you caught any fish today?

你今天釣到魚了嗎？

（2）抓住，握住：

Tom caught the thief by the arm.

湯姆抓住小偷的胳膊。

Can you catch the ball?

你能接住球嗎？

（3）及時趕到，趕上：

I want to catch the eight nineteen(train) to London.

我想趕8點19分的火車去倫敦。

2．realize vt.

（1）實現(xiàn)（希望、目標、愿望等）：

She has realized her hope to be an actress.

她實現(xiàn)了自己當一名演員的愿望。

（2）使變?yōu)槭聦崳�使發(fā)生（常用于被動語態(tài)）：

This plan can never be realized.

這個計劃永遠不可能變成事實。

（3）熟悉，知道，明白，意識到：

I went into the wrong room without realizing it.

我無意中走錯了房間。

I hope you realize that you've made a big mistake.

我希望你明白你已經(jīng)犯了個大錯誤。

realize 和understand表示這個意思時有時可以互換，有時則不可以。在上面的例句中，第1句不可用 understand，第2句則可以。又如：

I an did not understand English.

伊恩不懂英語。（不可用 realize）

3．interested與interesting

大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞和許多過去分詞都可以作形容詞用。常見的以-ed和-ing結(jié)尾的成對的形容詞有 excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, interested/ interesting等。以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞常與人稱主語連用，表示人的情緒、狀態(tài)、喜好等；以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞則常與非人稱主語連用，表明事物的某種特征、性質(zhì)等：

This story is exciting.

這故事激動人心。

I am excited by the story.

我因這故事而興奮。

It was an exciting finish.

（比賽的）結(jié)尾激動人心。

Sally was very excited because she had never travelled on a train before.

薩莉非常激動，因為她從未乘過火車。

The play was very interesting.

戲很有意思。

Are you interested in plays?

你對戲劇有愛好嗎？

練習答案 Key to written exercises

1．要害句型練習答案

A Fishing(1.1); catching(11.1-2); catching(1. 3); having spent(1.5); fishing(1.6); fishing… sitting(1.8); doing (1.9)

C 1 he went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.

2 She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

3 She was afraid of spending the night alone.

4 After hearing/having heard the news, she fainted.

5 Think carefully before answering my question.

6 On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.

2．難點練習答案

1realized 2It's…understand…its 3exciting 4interesting 5exciting 6interested